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Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Thinking

Machines that learn from data, and what that could change

How machine learning works

  1. Collect examplesMillions of pictures, sentences or measurements
  2. Train a modelAdjust billions of numbers to reduce mistakes
  3. Test it on new dataCheck it works on things it hasn't seen
  4. Use itTo predict, recognize, write or recommend

Not magic

AI finds patterns in data. It can be confidently wrong, so people still need to check its work.

Milestones

YearEvent
1956The term 'artificial intelligence' is coined at Dartmouth
1997IBM's Deep Blue beats chess champion Garry Kasparov
2016DeepMind's AlphaGo beats a top Go champion
2020sChat assistants and AI coding tools reach millions of people

Progress has sped up as computers and data have grown.

Strengths and open questions

Good at

  • Finding patterns in huge data
  • Drafting text and code quickly
  • Speeding up research

Open questions

  • Effects on jobs and work
  • Accuracy, bias and trust
  • Who decides how it's used

Sources: Stanford AI Index; historical records

Remember

AI is a powerful pattern-finding tool; how people choose to use and check it will shape its effects.